Mammograms
When it comes to breast health, early detection is the best prevention. Women should have regular mammograms beginning at age 40, or sooner if recommended by their health care provider. UnityPoint Health – Marshalltown uses 3D mammography to screen for and diagnose breast health issues.
What to Expect During Your Mammogram A mammogram is a X-ray picture of the breast used to detect tumors and cysts and help differentiate benign and malignant diseases. It's an important screening tool in a woman's personal fight against breast cancer. During your mammogram, your breast will be placed on a flat surface by the mammographer. A compression paddle will then be pressed firmly against the breast to flatten out the tissue. It may be uncomfortable but should not be painful. The screening should take about 15 minutes to complete.
Preparing for Your Mammogram In order to prepare for your mammogram, please don't wear any deodorant, powders, ointments or perfumes under the arms or on your breasts. These items may cause issues in the images.
3D Mammography
Screening for Breast Cancer
Early detection is the best defense against breast cancer, and mammography has been the gold standard screening examination for the early detection of it. Since the development of standard mammography, there have been major advances in the technology. Digital 2D mammography was the most recent advancement introduced. Now, DBT or 3D Mammography, has taken this technology to a new level.
The breast is a three-dimensional object composed of different structures, such as blood vessels, milk ducts, fat and ligaments. All these structures, which are located at different levels within the breast, can overlap and cause uncertainty when viewed as a two-dimensional, flat image. The uncertainty of overlapping tissue is a leading reason why small breast cancers may be missed, and normal tissue may appear abnormal, leading to unnecessary call-backs.
Once you have a doctor's referral for a mammogram, call us at (641) 754-5076 to schedule an appointment or to learn more about 3D mammography.
Breast Density Guidelines
Effective January 1, 2018, all Iowa facilities that provide mammography service are required by law to notify patients of their breast density. This new regulation was mandated by the Iowa Department of Health.
Following a mammogram, patients will receive a letter sent directly to their homes by the UnityPoint Health – Marshalltown mammography department to inform them of their tissue density.
What is dense breast tissue?
Breasts are made up of lobules, ducts and fatty and fibrous connective tissue.
- Lobules produce milk and are often called glandular tissue
- Ducts are tiny tubes that carry milk from lobules to the nipple
- Fibrous tissue and fat give breasts their size and shape and hold the other tissues in place
Your breasts will be seen as dense if you have a lot of fibrous or glandular tissue and not much fat in the breasts. Some women have more dense breast tissue than others. For most women, breasts become less dense with age. But in some women, there's little change.
Breast Density Illustration
FAQs
What's the advantage to getting a mammogram?
A mammogram is used to detect breast cancer in the earliest stage when it is most treatable, and mammograms can find breast cancer tumors up to two years before they can be felt during a physical exam.
Why is early detection important?
It saves lives. Most mammograms results are negative (disease-free). Even if a lump is found, eight out of 10 are NOT cancer. When cancer is detected, the survival rate is near 100% for individuals whose tumors are detected and treated early (when they are less than 1 centimeter in size).
Who should get a mammogram?
All women should perform a self-exam every month. Between ages 29-40, you should also have a breast exam by a health care professional every 3 years. Beginning at age 40, the American Cancer Society recommends you get a mammogram and a medical breast exam every year. If you have a family history of breast cancer, please talk to your doctor about when and how often you should get a mammogram.
Why is compression important?
Proper compression makes it easier to identify cancers that would not be seen otherwise. It is vital to get a clear x-ray picture of the entire breast. Compression also reduces the amount of radiation to your breast and the rest of your body.
How will the results be shared?
A radiologist, a physician who specializes in reading x-ray exams, will read your mammogram. Results will be sent to you and your doctor. In most cases, results will be available in 24 to 48 hours.
What is Digital Breast 3D Mammography?
Digital Breast Tomosynthesis is a new technology in the fight against breast cancer. It allows doctors to examine a breast tissue one layer at a time. During 3D mammography, multiple low-dose images or "slices" of the breast are taken at different angles. With this new technology, the radiologist can view a mammogram in a way never before possible. As a result, fine details of the breast are more clearly visible and no longer hidden by overlapping tissue.
Am I a candidate for 3D mammography?
Health care providers believe all patients benefit from this new technology. However, the best candidates are those with dense breast tissue and/or a strong family history of breast cancer.
What should I expect from 3D mammography?
3D mammography is very similar to a traditional mammogram. Just as with a traditional digital mammogram, the technologist will position you, compress your breast under a paddle and take images from different angles. Positioning is the same as a standard 2D mammogram. The exposure time will be longer by just a few seconds, depending on the density of your breasts. Although 3D mammography takes a few seconds longer, there is no additional compression.
Do I get more radiation with 3D mammography?
Our state-of-the-art technology results in X-ray exposure that's similar to a standard 2D mammogram. The FDA has found the combination of 3D and standard mammography to be safe and effective for patient use.
Will my insurance cover 3D mammography?
Most insurance companies cover 3D mammography, but please contact your carrier for complete details.
What does the American Cancer Society recommend?
The ACS suggests breast screening mammograms should begin at age 40 and continue annually until age 75. After 75, any recommendation is based on health status.
How do I know if I have dense breasts?
Breast density is seen only on mammograms. Some women think that because their breasts are firm, they are dense. But breast density isn't based on how your breasts feel. It's not related to breast size or firmness.
Radiologists are the doctors who "read" x-rays like mammograms. They check your mammogram for abnormal areas, and also look at breast density.
Breast Density Categories
Radiologists use the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System, or BI-RADS, to classify breast density into 4 categories. They go from almost all fatty tissue to extremely dense tissue with very little fat.
Breasts are almost all fatty tissue.
There are scattered areas of dense glandular and fibrous tissue.
More of the breast is made of dense glandular and fibrous tissue (described as "heterogeneously dense"). This can make it hard to see small tumors in or around the dense tissue.
Breasts are extremely dense, which makes it hard to see tumors in the tissue. Some mammogram reports sent to women mention breast density. Your health care provider can also tell you if your mammogram shows that you have dense breasts.
In some states, women whose mammograms show heterogeneously dense or extremely dense breasts must be told that they have dense breasts in the summary of the mammogram report that is sent to patients (sometimes called the lay summary).
The language used is mandated by each law and may say something like this: "Your mammogram shows that your breast tissue is dense. Dense breast tissue is common and is not abnormal. However, dense breast tissue can make it harder to evaluate the results of your mammogram and may also be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. This information about the results of your mammogram is given to you so you will be informed when you talk with your doctor. Together, you can decide which screening options are right for you. A report of your results was sent to your primary physician."
Why is breast density important?
Women who have dense breast tissue seem to have a slightly higher risk of breast cancer compared to women with less dense breast tissue. It's unclear at this time why dense breast tissue is linked to breast cancer risk.
We do know that dense breast tissue makes it harder for radiologists to see cancer. On mammograms, dense breast tissue looks white. Breast masses or tumors also look white, so the dense tissue can hide some tumors. In contrast, fatty tissue looks almost black. On a black background it's easier to see a tumor that looks white. So, mammograms can be less accurate in women with dense breasts.
If I have dense breasts, do I still need mammograms?
Yes. Most breast cancers can be seen on a mammogram even in women who have dense breast tissue, so it's still important to get regular mammograms. Mammograms can help save women's lives.
Even if you have a normal mammogram result (regardless of how dense your breasts are), you should know how your breasts normally look and feel. Anytime there's a change, you should report it to a health care provider right away.
Should I have any other screening tests if I have dense breast tissue?
At this time, experts do not agree what other tests, if any, women with dense breasts should get in addition to mammograms.
Studies have shown that breast ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can help find some breast cancers that can't be seen on mammograms. But MRI and ultrasound both show more findings that turn out not to be cancer. This can lead to more tests and unnecessary biopsies. And the cost of ultrasound and MRI may not be covered by insurance.
Talk to your health care provider about whether you should have other tests.
What do I do if I'm worried about my breast density?
Together with your provider, you can determine if additional screening options are appropriate for you. The imaging department at UnityPoint Health – Marshalltown can help you take the preventative steps needed to stay healthy. Learn more about our Mammography services today and schedule your 3D Mammogram by contacting (641) 328-7687. Learn more about screenings and early detection related to breast cancer from the American Cancer Society.